# 键盘操作 > 一种适用于任何与网页交互的按键输入设备的表现形式. URL: https://deploy-preview-2977--selenium-dev.netlify.app/zh-cn/documentation/webdriver/actions_api/keyboard/ --- 只有 2 个操作可以使用键盘完成: 按下某个键，以及释放一个按下的键. 除了支持 ASCII 字符外，每个键盘按键还具有 可以按特定顺序按下或释放的表现形式. ## 按键 除了由常规unicode表示的按键， 其他键盘按键被分配了一些unicode值以用于操作Selenium 每种语言都有自己的方式来援引这些按键; [这里](https://www.w3.org/TR/webdriver/#keyboard-actions) 可以找到完整列表 **Java** Use the [Java Keys enum](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/selenium-4.2.0/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/Keys.java#L28) **Python** Use the [Python Keys class](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/selenium-4.2.0/py/selenium/webdriver/common/keys.py#L23) **CSharp** Use the [.NET static Keys class](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/selenium-4.2.0/dotnet/src/webdriver/Keys.cs#L28) **Ruby** Use the [Ruby KEYS constant](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/selenium-4.2.0/rb/lib/selenium/webdriver/common/keys.rb#L28) **JavaScript** Use the [JavaScript KEYS constant](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/selenium-4.2.0/javascript/node/selenium-webdriver/lib/input.js#L44) **Kotlin** Use the [Java Keys enum](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/selenium-4.2.0/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/Keys.java#L28) ## 按下按键 **Java** ```java new Actions(driver) .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT) .sendKeys("a") .perform(); ``` **Python** ```python ActionChains(driver)\ .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\ .send_keys("abc")\ .perform() ``` **CSharp** ```csharp .KeyDown(Keys.Shift) .SendKeys("a") .Perform(); ``` **Ruby** ```ruby driver.action .key_down(:shift) .send_keys('a') .perform ``` **JavaScript** ```javascript await driver.actions() .keyDown(Key.SHIFT) .sendKeys('a') .perform() ``` **Kotlin** ```kotlin .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT) .sendKeys("a") .perform() ``` ## 释放按键 **Java** ```java new Actions(driver) .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT) .sendKeys("a") .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT) .sendKeys("b") .perform(); ``` **Python** ```python ActionChains(driver)\ .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\ .send_keys("a")\ .key_up(Keys.SHIFT)\ .send_keys("b")\ .perform() ``` **CSharp** ```csharp new Actions(driver) .KeyDown(Keys.Shift) .SendKeys("a") .KeyUp(Keys.Shift) .SendKeys("b") .Perform(); ``` **Ruby** ```ruby driver.action .key_down(:shift) .send_keys('a') .key_up(:shift) .send_keys('b') .perform ``` **JavaScript** ```javascript await driver.actions() .keyDown(Key.SHIFT) .sendKeys('a') .keyUp(Key.SHIFT) .sendKeys('b') .perform() ``` **Kotlin** ```kotlin .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT) .sendKeys("a") .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT) .sendKeys("b") .perform() ``` ## 键入 这是Actions API的一种便捷方法, 它将 keyDown 和 keyUp 命令组合在一个操作中. 执行此命令与使用 element 方法略有不同, 但这主要用于，需要在其他操作之间键入多个字符时使用. ### 活跃元素 **Java** ```java new Actions(driver) .sendKeys("abc") .perform(); ``` **Python** ```python ActionChains(driver)\ .send_keys("abc")\ .perform() ``` **CSharp** ```csharp new Actions(driver) .SendKeys("abc") ``` **Ruby** ```ruby driver.action .send_keys('abc') .perform ``` **JavaScript** ```javascript await driver.actions() .sendKeys('abc') .perform() ``` **Kotlin** ```kotlin .sendKeys("abc") .perform() ``` ### 指定元素 **Java** ```java new Actions(driver) .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!") .perform(); ``` **Python** ```python text_input = driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput") ActionChains(driver)\ .send_keys_to_element(text_input, "abc")\ .perform() ``` **CSharp** ```csharp driver.FindElement(By.TagName("body")).Click(); IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput")); new Actions(driver) ``` **Ruby** ```ruby text_field = driver.find_element(id: 'textInput') driver.action .send_keys(text_field, 'Selenium!') .perform ``` **JavaScript** _Requires [Selenium v4.5.0](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/releases/tag/selenium-4.5.0.0) or later._ ```javascript const textField = await driver.findElement(By.id('textInput')) await driver.actions() .sendKeys(textField, 'abc') .perform() ``` **Kotlin** ```kotlin Actions(driver) .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!") .perform() ``` ## 复制粘贴 下面是使用上述所有方法执行复制/粘贴操作的示例. 请注意, 用于此操作的键位会有所不同, 具体取决于它是否是 Mac OS. 此代码将以文本收尾: `SeleniumSelenium!` **Java** ```java Keys cmdCtrl = Platform.getCurrent().is(Platform.MAC) ? Keys.COMMAND : Keys.CONTROL; WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput")); new Actions(driver) .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!") .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT) .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT) .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_UP) .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT) .keyDown(cmdCtrl) .sendKeys("xvv") .keyUp(cmdCtrl) .perform(); Assertions.assertEquals("SeleniumSelenium!", textField.getAttribute("value")); ``` **Python** ```python cmd_ctrl = Keys.COMMAND if sys.platform == 'darwin' else Keys.CONTROL ActionChains(driver)\ .send_keys("Selenium!")\ .send_keys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)\ .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\ .send_keys(Keys.ARROW_UP)\ .key_up(Keys.SHIFT)\ .key_down(cmd_ctrl)\ .send_keys("xvv")\ .key_up(cmd_ctrl)\ .perform() ``` **CSharp** ```csharp var capabilities = ((WebDriver)driver).Capabilities; String platformName = (string)capabilities.GetCapability("platformName"); String cmdCtrl = platformName.Contains("mac") ? Keys.Command : Keys.Control; new Actions(driver) .SendKeys("Selenium!") .SendKeys(Keys.ArrowLeft) .KeyDown(Keys.Shift) .SendKeys(Keys.ArrowUp) ``` **Ruby** ```ruby driver.action .send_keys('Selenium!') .send_keys(:arrow_left) .key_down(:shift) .send_keys(:arrow_up) .key_up(:shift) .key_down(cmd_ctrl) .send_keys('xvv') .key_up(cmd_ctrl) .perform ``` **JavaScript** ```javascript const cmdCtrl = platform.includes('darwin') ? Key.COMMAND : Key.CONTROL await driver.actions() .click(textField) .sendKeys('Selenium!') .sendKeys(Key.ARROW_LEFT) .keyDown(Key.SHIFT) .sendKeys(Key.ARROW_UP) .keyUp(Key.SHIFT) .keyDown(cmdCtrl) .sendKeys('xvv') .keyUp(cmdCtrl) .perform() ``` **Kotlin** ```kotlin val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput")) Actions(driver) .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!") .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT) .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT) .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_UP) .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT) .keyDown(cmdCtrl) .sendKeys("xvv") .keyUp(cmdCtrl) .perform() ```